Colgate was the first company to mass produce toothpaste. Colgate was produced in 1873. Fluoride was added to toothpaste in 1914. It became more common in the 1950-1960. In 1970 fluoride was accredited with the decline of tooth decay.
In the 1940’s research showed that fluoride ions made tooth enamel harder and more resistant to decay. Which still holds true today. However, there has been more research that includes the overall health with exposure to repeated use of fluoride. Several articles of research state they know that fluoride is toxic. There is a research project that was done to study the effects of fluorosis and dementia, Alzheimer’s disease. It concludes that longer exposure to fluoride does affect the brain function. In fact, researchers state that fluoride should never be used on children under 8 years of age! The dental profession pushes parents to use fluoride toothpaste as soon as they have a tooth. In fact, when I was working on a research project for Delta Dental putting fluoride varnish on infants as soon as possible was encouraged. I found an article that a project was researching fluoride and IBS. I had to purchase the rights to read the article, which helps fund the cost of such research. I am very intrigued by what they discovered. IBS is a huge problem in our country.
Fluoride toxicity to the brain;
In summary, fluoride is widely present in our daily life. As one of the essential trace elements, fluoride, when taken at a proper amount, is beneficial to human body. However, long-term excessive intake of fluoride can cause the accumulation of fluoride in brain tissue through the placental barrier and/or BBB, which can produce neurotoxicity and damage brain structures and functions, leading to altered cognitive function and psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Brain damage caused by fluorosis may involve multiple mechanisms. Once chronic fluorosis develops, the level of oxidative stress increases, various elements and pathways interact with each other to trigger apoptosis, and neurotransmitters and their receptors change. Thus, high fluoride can affect brain function through various pathways, but the exact mechanisms are still unclear. Endemic fluorosis has high incidence in developing countries, and a better understanding of the mechanisms via which chronic fluorosis causes brain damage is of great significance to protect the physical and mental health of people in developing countries, especially those living in the endemic areas of fluorosis
In other words,
Research finds that fluorosis can cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Fluorosis is over exposure to repeated use of fluoride. This can occur through drinking water or perhaps toothpaste and mouthwash, fluoride applications. Good information to know! High doses of fluoride can affect brain function!!
Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common causes of dementia. Its clinical presentation, including memory impairment, cognitive disorders, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, results from pathomorphological and pathophysiological changes in the central nervous system.
The research presented in this review clearly indicates that fluoride may play a key role in the induction and development of inflammation in AD and participate in processes of neurodegeneration. Fluoride may promote the synthesis of proinflammatory factors (e.g., prostaglandins and proinflammatory cytokines including IL6, TNF-α, IL1B, IL-4, and IFN-γ), transcription factors (c-Jun and NF-κB), and proapoptotic proteins (Bax, p53, and FAS receptor protein), as well as reduce synthesis of antiapoptotic proteins (BCl-2 and BCLXL).
Monofluorphosphate is to reduce bacterial overgrowth and reduce acid production. Monofluorphosphate does reduce demineralization caused by acid, however, the bacterial growth is not affected by it all. Thurnheer T, Belibasakis GN. Effect of sodium fluoride on oral biofilm microbiota and enamel demineralization. Arch Oral Biol. 2018 May;89:77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.010. Epub 2018 Feb 20. PMID: 29482049.
Antibacterial Effects: Fluoride can inhibit the enzymes that support the metabolism of oral bacteria, reducing their ability to produce harmful acids.
In other words,
Fluoride does not reduce the bacteria growth in the oral cavity as I once believed. In the dental profession we are told that fluoride does kill harmful bacteria. This research article states it does not, fluoride does inhibit the harmful acids that are produced by those bacteria. You probably won’t remember because you might get dementia from that fluoride.
Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate
An inorganic salt and an abrasive used to clean the teeth. Can make your teeth sensitive by weakening the enamel.
How toxic are the ingredients in toothpaste? – Botanica Culture
Glycerin
A binding agent and texture enhancer that gives toothpaste its smooth mouthfeel and helps the paste stay moist. Glycerin leaves that slippery, clean feeling on the teeth. The bad news: it also coats the teeth and is a plaque magnet. Glycerin often comes from genetically modified vegetable oils or can be a by-product of soap production.
How toxic are the ingredients in toothpaste? – Botanica Culture
It exhibits high affinity for proteins and is a strong denaturing agent. Incompatible with cationic materials and with acids below pH 2.5. Sodium lauryl sulphate may be irritant to the skin and mucosa. It may also damage the mucosal mucin layer by denaturing its glycoproteins (8). The epithelium will then be more exposed for irritants and this can result in aphtous ulcerations in some patients. It has also been claimed that there is a connection between the use of toothpaste or mouthwash containing SLS and an increased frequency of recurrent aphthous ulcers
FORMULATION INGREDIENTS FOR TOOTHPASTES AND MOUTHWASHES – PMC
Purpose: To perform a scoping review on the available literature regarding the side effects of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) used in toothpastes.
Results: Possible harmful effects of SLS were reported as mucosal desquamation, irritation or inflammation of oral mucosa or the dorsal part of the tongue, ulcerations, and toxic reactions in the oral cavity.
Clinical significance: There is limited evidence that patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers can benefit from the use of SLS-free toothpastes in terms of decrease in the number of ulcerations, duration of the ulcerations and the intensity of the pain caused by the ulcerations. It is essential to create awareness for the side effects of SLS in toothpastes but further research is needed on its effect on oral and gastrointestinal systems when used in toothpastes.
Cellulose gum
Cellulose gum, also known as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), is essentially a thickening agent used in all kinds of food products.
Studies have also found that long-term consumption of cellulose gum, or CMC, can cause inflammation in rodents (8).
As for studies involving humans, a 2021 study found that long-term consumption of cellulose gum can alter levels of beneficial bacteria and nutrients in the gut. This supports previous animal study findings that suggest prolonged consumption of cellulose gum may promote chronic inflammatory conditions, including colitis, metabolic syndrome, and colon cancer (8).
Cellulose Gum: The Benefits and Risks
The authors of a May 2017 article published in the Journal for Nurse Practitioners, note that people with IBS who develop symptoms (bloating, belly pain, diarrhea and/or constipation) from various foods may also be sensitive to food additives like cellulose gum.
A common thickening agent, which can come from wood pulp. A 2021 study found that long-term consumption altered levels of beneficial bacteria and nutrients in the gut and may promote chronic inflammatory conditions, including colitis and colon cancer.
How toxic are the ingredients in toothpaste? – Botanica Culture
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate
Also known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), sodium pyrophosphate is used in toothpaste (and floss) to remove calcium and magnesium from your saliva. This prevents dental plaque from hardening into tartar. You may find sodium pyrophosphate in tartar-control toothpastes for this reason.
Also known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), sodium pyrophosphate is used in toothpaste (and floss) to remove calcium and magnesium from your saliva.
Some are concerned about the relatively low doses needed to be toxic. Sodium pyrophosphate is twice as toxic as table salt, yet it is “generally recognized as safe” by the FDA.
Toothpaste Ingredients: Safety, Scientific Evidence & Types | Triple Bristle
It is well established that pyrophosphates inhibit crystal growth of hydroxyapatite in bones and teeth, and theoretically may negatively affect the demineralisation-remineralisation equilibrium at the tooth surface. Surprisingly, little clinical research has been carried out to assess if the caries protection provided by fluoride toothpaste is compromised by the inclusion of pyrophosphates and the existing evidence is inconsistent. In the absence of more clinical research, it is suggested that children should not use pyrophosphate-containing toothpastes under 12 years of age.
Used to remove magnesium and calcium from your saliva to prevent tartar from forming. Can cause side effects such as increased tooth sensitivity, especially if you have receding gums. It can also increase soreson the gums and corners of the lips.
How toxic are the ingredients in toothpaste? – Botanica Culture
sodium saccharin
Side effects of sodium saccharin (E954) include123:
- Disruption of bacteria balance in the digestive system, which can raise glucose intolerance and increase the risk of metabolic disorders such as obesity, cancer, and diabetes.
- Possible negative effects on gut bacteria, which may lead to type 2 diabetes, obesity, and, in rare cases, cancer.
- Potential carcinogenic properties, especially in relation to bladder cancer in rats and mice.
- Stimulation of insulin production, which can increase the risk of diabetes.
However, research suggests that artificial sweeteners disrupt the gut microbiome, aka the healthy population of bacteria and fungi that live naturally in the digestive tract, according to a February 2019 review published in Advances in Nutrition. Imbalances in the gut microbiome may cause higher average blood sugars in the long term.
What Is Sodium Saccharin and Saccharin Side Effects | livestrong
Saccharin, like sweeteners such as aspartame and sucralose, can turn healthy gut bacteria into disease-causing microbes, according to findings by British researchers. Individual cases of rashes (urticaria, hives) have been observed with saccharin, but according to the authorities, they are neither a cause for general concern nor for warnings. In a comparative genotoxicity study, acesulfame K and saccharin caused more DNA damage than aspartame.
E954 Saccharin – Additives – Food – Risks/Facts/Backgrounds
Sorbitol is a type of carbohydrate that falls into a category of sugar alcohols called polyols. It’s found in some fruits and is also commercially manufactured to preserve moisture and add sweetness.
It’s also commercially manufactured from corn syrup for use in packaged foods, beverages, and medications.
Commercially, sorbitol is used to preserve moisture, add sweetness, and provide texture to products, as well as potentially support digestive and oral health.
First, sugar alcohols are often used in foods and beverages in place of traditional sugar to reduce their calorie content. Sorbitol contains approximately two-thirds of the calories of table sugar and provides about 60% of the sweetness (2).
Third, unlike table sugar, sugar alcohols like sorbitol don’t contribute to the formation of cavities. This is one reason why they’re often used to sweeten sugar-free chewing gum and liquid medications (1Trusted Source, 4Trusted Source).
In fact, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recognized that sugar alcohols like sorbitol may benefit oral health. This is based on a study that found that sorbitol may reduce cavity risk compared with table sugar, although not to the same extent as other sugar alcohols (5Trusted Source, 6).
What Is Sorbitol? Benefits, Uses, Side Effects, and More
Sorbitol
Objective: To summarize published data on the comparative efficacy of sorbitol and xylitol for prevention of dental caries.
Conclusions: The data suggest that xylitol-containing gums may provide superior efficacy in reducing caries rates in high-risk populations.
Gales MA, Nguyen TM. Sorbitol compared with xylitol in prevention of dental caries. Ann Pharmacother. 2000 Jan;34(1):98-100. doi: 10.1345/aph.19020. PMID: 10669192.
Hydrated Silica in Toothpaste: What’s Its Function?
The main ingredient of the silica used in abrasives is high purity amorphous silicon dioxide and there are varieties of different types whose properties vary with the method of production. Silica is very suitable for use in toothpastes containing fluoride because no insoluble salt is formed when it reacts with fluoride. As its refractive index is lower than that of other abrasives, silica can be used to make clear gel tootpastes.
Carbomer
Carbomer is a key ingredient in many personal care products, serving as a thickener and stabilizer to enhance the texture of creams,
- Carbomer is an essential synthetic polymer used in personal care products for its thickening, suspending, and emulsion-stabilizing properties, transforming product consistency and enhancing consumer experience.
- The safety of Carbomer has been affirmed by regulatory agencies like the FDA, although caution is advised due to potential skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
Emulsions might be delicate concoctions, but Carbomers are the stabilizing force that keeps them intact. By acting as emulsifying agents, they prevent the dreaded separation of oil and liquid parts, ensuring that each application is as good as the first. This is particularly important in products like hand sanitizers, where Carbomers help to keep active ingredients well-mixed and effective over time.
What is Carbomer? The Complete Guide- Carbomer.com
Carbomers
These are synthetic high molecular weight polymers of acrylic acid cross-linked with polyalkenyl ethers of sugars or polyalcohols. They are produced in several grades characterised by the viscosity of a defined solution. White, hygroscopic powders with a slight characteristic odour. They swell in water and in other polar solvents after dispersion and neutralisation with sodium hydroxide solution (6). It also soluble in water, alcohol and glycerol. Carbomer is used in toothpastes as a binder (thickener).
Titanium dioxide white coloring
After reviewing the literature on the potential risks of oral exposure to TiO2, we concluded that the existing body of evidence raises concern for human health regarding the long-term ingestion of E171. The wide-spread human exposure in combination with the reported tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory responses in animal experiments indicates the necessity to fill in the identified knowledge gaps that are crucial in the hazard identification and risk assessment process. A particular concern was identified for children due to their proportionally higher TiO2 intake, and patients with IBD, given their potential risk of increased absorption, as a consequence of impaired intestinal health.
Titanium dioxide white coloring
After reviewing the literature on the potential risks of oral exposure to TiO2, we concluded that the existing body of evidence raises concern for human health regarding the long-term ingestion of E171. The wide-spread human exposure in combination with the reported tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory responses in animal experiments indicates the necessity to fill in the identified knowledge gaps that are crucial in the hazard identification and risk assessment process. A particular concern was identified for children due to their proportionally higher TiO2 intake, and patients with IBD, given their potential risk of increased absorption, as a consequence of impaired intestinal health.
Animal experiments have shown that chronic exposure to E171 can lead to translocation and bioaccumulation of TiO2 via the bloodstream, in various organs, including the liver, kidney, placenta, and brain. Across different types of models, gene expression patterns have been reported that are associated with inflammation and tumor development. In-vivo, ex-vivo, and in-vitro experiments, mainly conducted with TiO2 nanoparticles, show that TiO2 can result in the formation of ROS, which is associated with the induction of genetic damage, the initiation, and stimulation of inflammation, and the promotion of tumor formation. The endocrine and reprotoxic effects found in rodent studies indicate the need for additional research to reduce uncertainties. These complex interplays of molecular mechanisms involving local persistent inflammation, disturbance of the oxidative–antioxidative balance, immune suppression, apoptosis, changes in microbiotic health, and colon cancer-related pathways need to be further investigated to better understand the molecular biological process, their interaction, and involvement following the chronic exposure to E171.
At the workshop, it was noted that chronic carcinogenicity studies in laboratory animals might have limitations in identifying influences on the incidence of rare tumors, such as colon cancer in rats. For this purpose, specific disease models may provide complementary information. Furthermore, it was concluded that proper characterization of the TiO2 particles is crucial for future studies and that the type of crystal form and particle size used, both in the commercially available E171 and in experimental toxicity studies, should be well described. While oral exposure of TiO2 via drinking water (oral gavage) and via the diet is both relevant, the effect of the food matrix on bioavailability and adverse health effects is still poorly understood and potentially has an influence on particle properties and toxicokinetics, hence should be considered in the hazard identification of E171. Finally, human dietary intervention studies are needed to demonstrate or discard adverse responses to E171, under relevant exposure conditions, and to better understand the potential cellular and molecular mechanism of action in humans.
- ingesting food colorings, which could manifest as bloating, gas, or diarrhea.
Is Blue 1 Dye Bad For You? – Here Is Your Answer.
Artificial food colors are commonly used in processed foods to enhance their appearance and appeal. Blue 1, also known as Brilliant Blue FCF, is one such synthetic dye that imparts a vibrant blue color to a wide range of food and beverage products. While it is approved for use by regulatory agencies, concerns have been raised regarding its safety and potential health effects. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of Blue 1, including its definition, sources, applications, associated risks, regulatory status, and strategies for minimizing exposure. (Source)
Contents
What is Artificial Color – Blue 1?What are the Sources of Blue 1?What is the List of Foods Containing Blue 1?Why is Artificial Color Blue 1 Used in the Food Industry? What are the ApplicationsThe Risky and Harmful side effects of Blue 1 on Human Health are:What are the FDA regulations for Artificial Color Blue 1?List of Diseases Associated with High Blue 1 Levels:How to Minimize the Exposure to Artificial Color Blue 1?Sources and References:
What is Artificial Color – Blue 1?
Blue 1, or Brilliant Blue FCF, is a synthetic dye derived from coal tar or petroleum. It is water-soluble and imparts a bright blue color to foods and beverages. Blue 1 is classified as a triarylmethane dye and is widely used in the food industry to enhance the visual appeal of various products. (Source)
What are the Sources of Blue 1?
Blue 1 is synthesized through chemical processes that involve the transformation of raw materials derived from coal tar or petroleum. The resulting compound, Brilliant Blue FCF, is a fine powder that can be easily dispersed in water-based food and beverage formulations. (Source)
What is the List of Foods Containing Blue 1?
Blue 1 can be found in a variety of processed foods and beverages, including:
- Soft drinks and sports drinks
- Confectionery such as candies and chewing gum
- Baked goods including cakes, cookies, and pastries
- Gelatin desserts and fruit-flavored snacks
- Canned fruits and vegetables
- Frostings and icings
- Dairy products such as yogurt and ice cream
Why is Artificial Color Blue 1 Used in the Food Industry? What are the Applications
Blue 1 serves as a versatile food colorant in the food industry by:
- Enhancing the visual appeal of food and beverage products by imparting a vibrant blue hue.
- Differentiating between various flavors or varieties of products, such as differentiating between blueberry and raspberry-flavored items.
- Masking natural variations in color that may occur during processing or storage, ensuring consistent appearance and consumer acceptance.
- Facilitating product identification and branding, particularly in competitive markets where visual appeal plays a significant role in purchasing decisions.
The Risky and Harmful side effects of Blue 1 on Human Health are:
While Blue 1 is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory agencies when consumed within recommended levels, some individuals may experience adverse reactions, including:
- Allergic reactions: In rare cases, Blue 1 may cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, manifesting as skin rash, itching, or respiratory symptoms.(Source)
- Hyperactivity in children: Some studies have suggested a potential link between artificial food colors, including Blue 1, and hyperactivity or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, although the evidence is inconclusive. (Source)
- Carcinogenicity: Animal studies have raised concerns about the potential carcinogenic effects of Blue 1, particularly when consumed in high doses over prolonged periods. However, human studies have not provided conclusive evidence of carcinogenicity. (Source)
What are the FDA regulations for Artificial Color Blue 1?
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the use of Blue 1 as a food color additive and considers it Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) when used within specified limits. The FDA sets strict guidelines for the allowable levels of Blue 1 in food and beverage products to ensure consumer safety. (Source)
List of Diseases Associated with High Blue 1 Levels:
Consuming excessive amounts of Blue 1 may lead to various health concerns, including:
- Hyperactivity and behavioral issues: Some studies suggest that high doses of Blue 1 and other artificial food colors may exacerbate hyperactivity and behavioral problems in children, particularly those with ADHD.
- Allergic reactions: Individuals with sensitivities to food dyes may experience allergic reactions, including skin rash, itching, or respiratory symptoms, when exposed to high levels of Blue 1. (Source)
- Potential carcinogenicity: Animal studies have suggested a potential link between high doses of Blue 1 and an increased risk of cancer, although human studies have not provided conclusive evidence of carcinogenicity. (Source)
All You Need to Know about Artificial Food Color Blue 1
Carrageenan I was unable to find research about Carrageenan. However, I do know that I look for this in milk products.
Colouring agents
Most toothpastes and mouthwashes contain colour-substances which give them an attractive appearance. The colour-substances are classified by the Colour Index (CI), published by the Society of Dyers and Colourists and the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colourists, or by a system called the FD&C Colours. Titanium dioxide is often added to toothpastes to give them a white colour.
Sweeteners
Sweeteners also improve the taste of toothpastes and mouthwashes and give them a mild and sweet taste. The most common used sweeteners are sodium saccharin, sorbitol and glycerol. Xylitol is a sweetener that is also claimed to provide anti-caries activity.
PEG-8 is a binding ingredient in toothpaste that helps maintain its consistency and prevents separation1. It binds water molecules within the toothpaste, preventing it from drying out1. PEG-8 is part of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) family2.
- Pollution: The process to produce polyethylene glycol requires a chemical reaction known as ethoxylation and the use of compounds known as ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane – two chemicals that have well-documented toxic effects on humans.
- Contamination: PEGs are widely utilized for their ability to enhance penetration and absorption. But this also means that prolonged use or high doses of PEG can significantly enhance your body’s
- absorption of other toxins and harmful compounds that are found alongside PEGs or within the environment.
- Polyethylene Glycol Toxicity Symptoms
- While it’s well-known among the medical community that PEG can trigger an allergy, cause digestive upset, or lead to electrolyte imbalances, there have been more and more reports of neurological symptoms associated with polyethylene glycol.
- Pentasodium triphosphate
- Tartar control agent
- Pentasodium triphosphate is an ingredient used in toothpaste and mouthwashes1. It is used as a tartar control agent that interacts with the minerals in the saliva and prevents them from building up on the teeth causing tartar2. It is also used as a water softener and an emulsifier to retain moisture1. Pentasodium triphosphate gently removes plaque build-up and works together with delicate silicates to polish unwanted surface staining from teeth, brightening them daily back to a beautiful natural white3.
Cytotoxicity of the Ingredients of Commonly Used Toothpastes and Mouthwashes on Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Conclusion:To decrease the cytotoxic effects of toothpastes, sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine should be replaced with safer detergents, and the concentration of fluoride should be decreased to 400 parts per million (ppm). Alternatively, fluoride may be replaced with other antibacterial and cariostatic agents.